She also wrote the 561-page user manual for the Mark I. One of the first three computer “programmers,” Hopper was responsible for programming the Mark I and punching machine instructions onto tape. There she worked for Howard Aiken, another computer pioneer, who had developed the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, better known as the Mark I, one of the earliest electromechanical computers. Naval Reserve (Women’s Reserve) in December 1943 and was assigned to the Bureau of Ships Computation Project at Harvard University. Taking a leave of absence from Vassar, where she was an associate professor, Hopper joined the U.S. She was initially rejected because of her age and diminutive size, but she persisted. Navy, was exceptional.Īfter the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the United States’ entry into World War II, Hopper decided to join the war effort. Nonetheless, Hopper’s success in a male-dominated field and in male-dominated organizations, including the U.S. 1 World War II also created opportunities for women to enter the workforce in greater numbers. A relatively high number of women were receiving doctorates in the 1920s and 1930s - numbers that would not be matched again until the 1980s. Hopper came of age at a time of unusual opportunity for women. During a one-year sabbatical from Vassar, Hopper studied with the famous mathematician Richard Courant at New York University. in mathematics and mathematical physics from Yale. In 1931 she began teaching mathematics at Vassar while pursuing her doctorate at Yale under computer pioneer Howard Engstrom. In 1930 Hopper received her master’s degree in mathematics from Yale.

In 1928 she graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Vassar College with degrees in mathematics and physics. She was educated in private schools, and the family summered in Wolfeboro, New Hampshire.

1894, Phi Beta Kappa) and Mary Campbell Van Horne, Grace Brewster Murray was born in 1906 in New York City. The daughter of Walter Fletcher Murray (Yale B.A. Known as irreverent, sharp-tongued, and brilliant, she enjoyed long and influential careers in both the U.S. One of the first three modern “programmers,” Hopper is best known for her trailblazing contributions to the development of computer languages. She received a master’s degree (1930) and a Ph.D. Grace Brewster Murray Hopper was a computer pioneer and naval officer. Here is a look at Hopper’s life and legacy. 11, President Peter Salovey announced that he and the Yale Corporation had voted to change the name of Calhoun College, one of the university’s undergraduate residential colleges, to honor alumna Grace Murray Hopper. (Courtesy of the Computer History Museum) Hopper believed that computers would someday be widely used and helped to make them more user friendly.

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